Treatments & procedures

Clear, physician-reviewed explanations of the colorectal and GI treatments Dr. Kamrava offers — who each is for, the risks, recovery, and outcomes. Educational, not a diagnosis.

• ProceduresAbdominoperineal Resection (APR)What is an Abdominoperineal Resection? An Abdominoperineal Resection (APR) is a major surgical procedure performed for very low rectal cance
• ProceduresAbscess Incision and DrainageWhat is Abscess Incision and Drainage? Incision and Drainage (I&D) is the definitive surgical procedure for treating a painful, fluid-fi
• ProceduresAdvancement Flap (Fistula or Fisture Repair)What is an Advancement Flap? An advancement flap is a versatile surgical technique used to repair complex anorectal conditions by mobilizing
• ProceduresAnal Cancer Excision / Chemoradiation Port PlacementWhat is Anal Cancer Excision and Chemoradiation Port Placement? The standard of care for most anal squamous cell carcinomas is definitive ch
• ProceduresAnal Dilation (for Fissure / Stenosis)What is Anal Dilation? Anal dilation is a procedure performed to gently stretch the anal canal and the internal anal sphincter muscle. It is
• ProceduresAnal Stricture ReconstructionWhat is Anal Stricture Reconstruction? Anal stricture reconstruction, also known as anoplasty, is a surgical procedure to correct a narrowin
• ProceduresAnoplasty (Anal Reconstruction)What is Anoplasty? Anoplasty, or anal reconstruction, is a surgical procedure to repair, reconstruct, or create an anal opening. It is most
• ProceduresAnoscopy with Rubber Band LigationWhat is Anoscopy with Rubber Band Ligation? Anoscopy with Rubber Band Ligation is a minimally invasive, office-based procedure to treat symp
• MedicationsAntibiotic TherapyWhat is Antibiotic Therapy for Anorectal Infections and Diverticulitis? Antibiotic therapy is the use of medications to treat infections cau
• MedicationsBiologic TherapyBiologic therapy involves the use of medications made from living organisms or their products to treat diseases. In the context of colorecta
• MedicationsBotox for Anal FissureWhat is Botox for Anal Fissure? Botulinum toxin (Botox) injection is a non-surgical treatment for chronic anal fissures. It involves injecti
• ProceduresBotox Injection (for Sphincter Spasm / Outlet Obstruction)What is a Botox Injection for Sphincter Spasm/Outlet Obstruction? Botulinum Toxin A (Botox) injection is a therapeutic procedure used to tre
• LifestyleBowel Regimen and Hydration ProgramWhat is a Bowel Regimen and Hydration Program? A Bowel Regimen and Hydration Program is a foundational, non-pharmacological approach to mana
• ProceduresChemical Sphincterotomy (Botulinum Toxin)What is a Chemical Sphincterotomy? A chemical sphincterotomy is a non-surgical procedure used to treat chronic anal fissures. It involves th
• ProceduresChemoradiationWhat is Chemoradiation? Chemoradiation is the concurrent use of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. For anal and rectal cancers, this combin
• ProceduresColonoscopyA colonoscopy is a procedure where a long, flexible tube with a camera attached (colonoscope) is inserted into the rectum and advanced throu
• ProceduresColostomy Creation / ReversalWhat is a Colostomy? A colostomy is a surgically created opening (stoma) of the colon onto the surface of the abdomen to divert stool. A col
• ProceduresCryotherapy of CondylomaWhat is Cryotherapy? Cryotherapy, also known as cryoablation, is a common and effective office-based procedure for the treatment of anogenit
• LifestyleDietary Fiber TherapyWhat is Dietary Fiber Therapy? Dietary fiber therapy is a cornerstone of managing many common colon and rectal conditions. It involves incre
• ProceduresDiverting Loop Ileostomy Creation / ClosureWhat is a Diverting Loop Ileostomy? A diverting loop ileostomy is a temporary stoma created to divert the fecal stream away from a downstrea
• ProceduresDrainage of Pelvic AbscessWhat is Drainage of a Pelvic Abscess? Drainage of a pelvic abscess is a procedure to remove a collection of pus from the pelvic cavity. Pelv
• ProceduresEndoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR)What is Endoscopic Mucosal Resection? Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) is an advanced endoscopic technique used to remove large, flat, or
• ProceduresEndoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD)What is Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection? Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) is an advanced endoscopic technique for the en bloc (one-pi
• ProceduresExcisional HemorrhoidectomyWhat is an Excisional Hemorrhoidectomy? Excisional hemorrhoidectomy is the surgical removal of hemorrhoidal tissue and is considered the mos
• LifestyleFiber and Hydration Post-Surgery ProgramWhat is the Post-Surgery Fiber and Hydration Program? A postoperative fiber and hydration program is a critical lifestyle intervention desig
• ProceduresFistulectomyWhat is a Fistulectomy? A fistulectomy is a surgical procedure for the treatment of an anal fistula that involves the complete excision of t
• ProceduresFistulotomyWhat is a Fistulotomy? A fistulotomy is the most common and effective surgical procedure for treating a simple anal fistula. The term means
• ProceduresFlexible SigmoidoscopyWhat is a Flexible Sigmoidoscopy? A flexible sigmoidoscopy is an endoscopic procedure used to examine the lining of the rectum and the lower
• ProceduresFulguration of Anal WartsWhat is Fulguration of Anal Warts? Fulguration, also known as electrocautery or electrodesiccation, is a surgical procedure used to treat an
• ProceduresHemorrhoid SclerotherapyHemorrhoid sclerotherapy is a **minimally invasive, office-based procedure** used to treat internal hemorrhoids by injecting a sclerosing (h
• ProceduresHemorrhoidal Artery Ligation / Doppler-Guided LigationWhat is Hemorrhoidal Artery Ligation? Hemorrhoidal Artery Ligation (HAL), also known as Transanal Hemorrhoidal Dearterialization (THD), is a
• ProceduresHemorrhoidectomySurgical excision of hemorrhoids under anesthesia; definitive but higher morbidity.
• ProceduresHidradenitis Laser TreatmentTwo in-office laser procedures for hidradenitis suppurativa, matched to the two things the disease actually is. **Follicle-directed therapy
• MedicationsImmunosuppressive Therapy (for Crohn's / UC)What is Immunosuppressive Therapy? Immunosuppressive therapy is a cornerstone of medical management for moderate to severe Inflammatory Bowe
• ProceduresIncisional / Ventral Hernia RepairWhat is an Incisional/Ventral Hernia? An incisional hernia is a type of ventral hernia that occurs at the site of a previous surgical incisi
• ProceduresInfrared CoagulationWhat is Infrared Coagulation? Infrared Coagulation (IRC) is a minimally invasive, office-based procedure used to treat small to medium-sized
• ProceduresLaser Pilonidal Cyst Excision (PCLE)What is Laser Pilonidal Cyst Excision? Laser Pilonidal Cyst Excision, also known as Laser Ablation of Pilonidal Sinus (the FiLaC or SiLaC pr
• ProceduresLateral Internal Sphincterotomy (LIS)What is a Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy? A Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy (LIS) is a surgical procedure considered the gold standard for
• ProceduresLigation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract (LIFT)What is the LIFT Procedure? The Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract (LIFT) procedure is a sphincter-preserving operation designed to
• ProceduresLow Anterior Resection (LAR)What is a Low Anterior Resection? A Low Anterior Resection (LAR) is a common surgical procedure for the treatment of rectal cancer located i
• LifestylePain Management ProtocolsWhat are Pain Management Protocols? Postoperative pain management protocols are a structured, multimodal approach to controlling pain after
• ProceduresParastomal Hernia RepairWhat is a Parastomal Hernia? A parastomal hernia is an incisional hernia that occurs at the site of an ostomy, where a portion of the intest
• ProceduresPCLE Laser Pilonidal TreatmentMinimally invasive laser ablation of pilonidal sinus tracts.
• LifestylePelvic Floor Physical TherapyWhat is Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy? Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy (PFPT) is a specialized form of therapy aimed at re-training and streng
• LifestylePelvic Floor Re-training After Rectal SurgeryWhat is Pelvic Floor Re-training? Pelvic floor re-training, often referred to as pelvic floor physical therapy, is a specialized program des
• ProceduresPerineal Wound DebridementWhat is Perineal Wound Debridement? Perineal wound debridement is a surgical procedure to remove dead, damaged, or infected tissue from a wo
• ProceduresPilonidal Cyst CurettageWhat is Pilonidal Cyst Curettage? Pilonidal Cyst Curettage is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for the treatment of chronic pilonidal
• ProceduresPilonidal Flap Reconstruction (Limberg / Bascom / Karydakis)What is Pilonidal Flap Reconstruction? Pilonidal flap reconstruction is a surgical approach for complex, recurrent, or non-healing pilonidal
• ProceduresRectal Prolapse Repair (Perineal Delorme / Altemeier / Abdominal Rectopexy)What is Rectal Prolapse Repair? Surgical repair is the definitive treatment for full-thickness rectal prolapse. The choice of procedure depe
• ProceduresRectopexy### Description Rectopexy is a surgical procedure to repair a condition called rectal prolapse, where the rectum (the last part of the large
• ProceduresResection of Rectal Tumor (TAMIS / TEMS)What are TAMIS and TEMS? Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TAMIS) and Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEMS) are advanced, minimally i
• ProceduresRight / Left HemicolectomyWhat is a Hemicolectomy? A hemicolectomy is the surgical removal of a portion of the colon (large intestine). A right hemicolectomy involves
• ProceduresRubber Band LigationWhat is Rubber Band Ligation? Rubber Band Ligation (RBL) is a minimally invasive, non-surgical procedure used to treat symptomatic internal
• ProceduresSacral Nerve Stimulation (for Incontinence)What is Sacral Nerve Stimulation? Sacral Nerve Stimulation (SNS), also known as sacral neuromodulation, is a minimally invasive procedure fo
• LifestyleScar Management and Laser TherapyWhat is Scar Management and Laser Therapy? Scar management refers to a range of techniques used to improve the appearance and feel of surgic
• ProceduresSclerotherapyWhat is Sclerotherapy? Sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive, office-based procedure used to treat symptomatic Grade I and II internal hemor
• ProceduresSeton PlacementWhat is a Seton? A seton is a thin, flexible drain, often made of silk, rubber, or a vessel loop, that is passed through an anal fistula tra
• ProceduresSigmoid ColectomyWhat is a Sigmoid Colectomy? A sigmoid colectomy is the surgical resection of the sigmoid colon. It is most commonly performed for recurrent
• LifestyleSitz Bath ProtocolWhat is a Sitz Bath? A sitz bath is a warm, shallow bath used to cleanse and soothe the perineum (the area between the rectum and the genita
• ProceduresStapled Hemorrhoidopexy (PPH)What is Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy? Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy, also known as Procedure for Prolapse and Hemorrhoids (PPH), is a surgical procedur
• LifestyleStoma Care EducationWhat is Stoma Care Education? Stoma care education is a crucial component of perioperative care for any patient undergoing the creation of a
• ProceduresStoma RevisionWhat is a Stoma Revision? A stoma revision is a surgical procedure to correct a complication or problem with an existing colostomy or ileost
• MedicationsStool SoftenersWhat are Stool Softeners? Stool softeners are a class of medications used to treat and prevent constipation. They work by increasing the amo
• ProceduresSubtotal ColectomyWhat is a Subtotal Colectomy? A subtotal colectomy is the surgical removal of the majority of the colon, typically preserving the rectum. Th
• ProceduresTibial Nerve StimulationWhat is Tibial Nerve Stimulation? Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation (PTNS) is a minimally invasive, office-based form of neuromodulation
• MedicationsTopical CorticosteroidsWhat are Topical Corticosteroids? Topical corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory medications applied to the skin to reduce swelling, itching,
• MedicationsTopical LidocaineWhat is Topical Lidocaine? Topical lidocaine is a local anesthetic medication applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes to provide te
• MedicationsTopical Nitroglycerin / Calcium Channel BlockersWhat are Topical Nitroglycerin and Calcium Channel Blockers? Topical Nitroglycerin (NTG) and Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) like diltiazem
• ProceduresTotal ColectomyA total colectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of the entire colon. This procedure is typically recommended for patients wi
• ProceduresTotal Mesorectal Excision (TME)What is Total Mesorectal Excision? Total Mesorectal Excision (TME) is a precise, anatomic surgical technique that has become the gold standa
• ProceduresTotal Proctocolectomy with Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis (IPAA)What is a Total Proctocolectomy with IPAA? A total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), commonly referred to as a J-pou
• ProceduresTransanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEMS)What is Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery? Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEMS) is a specialized, minimally invasive surgical technique
• ProceduresTransanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TAMIS)What is Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery? Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TAMIS) is a modern, minimally invasive surgical techniqu
• LifestyleWound Care and Dressing ChangesWhat is Postoperative Wound Care? Postoperative wound care involves the procedures and protocols for managing surgical incisions after they