Procedure
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
- Back to work
- Immediate
- Success rate
- Greater than 98%
- Recurrence
- N/A
What it is
What is a Flexible Sigmoidoscopy?
A flexible sigmoidoscopy is an endoscopic procedure used to examine the lining of the rectum and the lower part of the colon, known as the sigmoid colon. A thin, flexible tube with a camera on the end, called a sigmoidoscope, is inserted into the rectum. This procedure allows for the detection of inflammation, ulcers, polyps, and cancer. It is often used as a screening tool for colorectal cancer or to evaluate symptoms such as rectal bleeding or changes in bowel habits. Biopsies can be taken and small polyps can be removed during the procedure.
Am I a candidate?
Who is a Good Candidate for a Flexible Sigmoidoscopy?
A flexible sigmoidoscopy may be recommended for:
- Colorectal Cancer Screening: It is an option for colorectal cancer screening, often in combination with a stool-based test.
- Evaluation of Symptoms: Patients with symptoms such as rectal bleeding, pain, or changes in bowel habits that are thought to originate in the distal colon.
- Surveillance: Monitoring of conditions such as ulcerative proctitis or follow-up of polyps in the sigmoid colon.
It is not a substitute for a full colonoscopy when an evaluation of the entire colon is needed.
Recovery
What is the Recovery Like?
Recovery after a flexible sigmoidoscopy is typically immediate. Since sedation is not usually required, patients can drive themselves home and resume normal activities right away. Some mild cramping or bloating may occur but usually resolves quickly as the insufflated air is passed. Patients can typically resume their normal diet immediately.
Risks & considerations
What are the Risks?
Flexible sigmoidoscopy is a very safe procedure with a low risk of complications. Potential risks, though rare, include:
- Bleeding: Minor bleeding can occur, especially after a biopsy or polypectomy.
- Perforation: A tear in the colon wall is a very rare but serious complication.
- Discomfort: Patients may experience cramping or bloating during or after the procedure.
Sources
- Steele SR, Hull TL, Hyman N, Maykel JA, Read TE, Whitlow CB, eds. The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery. 4th ed. Springer; 2022.
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2021). Flexible Sigmoidoscopy. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/flexible-sigmoidoscopy. Accessed October 15, 2025.