Rectopexy

### Description Rectopexy is a surgical procedure to repair a condition called rectal prolapse, where the rectum (the last part of the large intestine) stretches and slips out of the anus. The goal of the surgery is to put the rectum back into its correct anatomical position and secure it to prevent it from sliding out again. There are several ways to perform a rectopexy, which can be broadly categorized into two approaches: * **Abdominal Approach:** The surgeon makes incisions in the abdomen to access the rectum. This is the most common approach and can be done as a traditional open surgery or using minimally invasive techniques (laparoscopic or robotic surgery). The surgeon pulls the rectum up and secures it to the sacrum (the bony structure at the back of the pelvis) using sutures and sometimes a piece of surgical mesh for reinforcement. In some cases, a portion of the colon may be removed (resection) at the same time, particularly if the patient has severe constipation. * **Perineal Approach:** The surgeon operates through the area around the anus (the perineum). This approach is typically reserved for older patients or those with medical conditions that make abdominal surgery riskier. While less invasive, perineal procedures have a higher rate of the prolapse returning.

Ideal candidates for rectopexy are individuals with full-thickness rectal prolapse who are experiencing symptoms such as a noticeable bulge from the anus, fecal incontinence (leakage of stool), obstructed defecation, and rectal bleeding or mucus discharge. The choice of surgical approach depends on several factors, including the patient's age, overall health, the severity of the prolapse, and any co-existing conditions like constipation or incontinence. An abdominal approach is generally preferred for younger, healthier patients as it offers a more durable, long-term repair with a lower chance of recurrence.