Colon Polyps: Good News, Not Bad News

This explainer clarifies that a colon polyp, or adenoma, is simply a small growth on the inside lining of the colon and is not cancer. Polyps form through a slow journey (taking a decade or longer) initiated by genetic changes or "typos" in the cell's DNA, which can cause cells to grow unchecked. Most colorectal cancers (about 80%) are sporadic, resulting from random genetic mistakes over a lifetime, rather than inherited genes. Lifestyle factors, such as high intake of red/processed meats or alcohol and lack of physical activity, can increase risk, while whole grains, dairy, and regular activity are protective. Screening, ideally starting at age 45 for average-risk individuals, is the solution. The colonoscopy is the best tool because it allows doctors to remove the polyp (polypectomy) immediately, thereby actively preventing potential cancer.